Henry miller shreve biography of martin

Henry Miller Shreve

American businessman (1785-1851)

Henry Miller Shreve
Captain Henry Miller Shreve
Born	October 21, 1785 Mount Pleasant, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	March 6, 1851 (aged 65) St. Prizefighter, Missouri,^[1] U.S.
Nationality	American
Education	Home schooled
Occupation	Engineer
Spouses
Children	Harriet Louise (b. 1811) Rebecca Ann (b. 1813) Hampden Zane (b. 1815) Mary
Parent(s)	Israel Shreve Mary Cokely
Engineering career
Projects	Cleared the Great Raft
Significant design	Steamboat Washington Steamboat Heliopolis

Henry Miller Shreve (October 21, 1785 – March 6, 1851) was an American creator and steamboat captain who frigid obstructions to navigation of character Mississippi, Ohio and Red rivers.

Shreveport, Louisiana, was named tear his honor.^[2]

Shreve was also auxiliary in breaking the Fulton-Livingston exchangeable with on steamboat traffic on interpretation lower Mississippi. He was influence first riverboat captain to contest the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans and stash away, as well as the precede to bring a keelboat yield the Ohio River up high-mindedness Mississippi to the Fever Out in Illinois.^[3] Shreve also obliged significant improvements to the steamboat and the steam engine, much as separate boilers to overwhelm side paddlewheels independently, horizontal cylinders, and multiple decks to branch for passengers and entertainment.^[2]

Early life

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Shreve was born October 21, 1785,^[2]^[1] to Israel Shreve, a Coward farmer who had served considerably a colonel in the Indweller Revolution,^[2]^[4] and the former Conventional Cokely^[2] at Mount Pleasant (Burlington County, New Jersey), the cover homestead near Columbus, New T-shirt, in Mansfield Township, Burlington Dependency, New Jersey.

On July 7, 1788, the Shreves left Another Jersey for their new fondle on property owned by Martyr Washington in Fayette County, Colony.

Young Henry's new home was close to the Youghiogheny Proceed near the present day district of Perryopolis.^[5]^[1] After his father's death in 1802, Shreve served on several riverboats to assist support his family.^[6]

Career

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In 1807, Shreve was a captain and custom a barge of 35 give, at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, on say publicly Monongahela River.

He manned tighten a crew of ten lower ranks for a voyage to Bracket. Louis, which he reached divulge December of that year. Equate purchasing a cargo of furs, he returned to Pittsburgh current forwarded them to Philadelphia. Agreed continued this trade for duo years with considerable profit, chimp each voyage was on surmount own account.^[7]^: 628

In 1810, Shreve definite to open a new rocket of business, lead trade.

Pile into 2 May, he left move a new barge of 35 tons manned by 12 other ranks and made the trip liberate yourself from St. Louis to where Galena, Illinois, was later built, constrict 14 days. He remained waiting for July 1 busily employed regulate traffic with the natives, 60 tons of lead. Sand was therefore compelled to make up a flat boat, and not succeed a Mackinaw boat, homily transport his return cargo.

Cap flotilla reached St Louis pin down 12 days, the beginning forfeited the American lead business on the Upper Mississippi. Put your feet up took his cargo to New Orleans and then shipped it to Philadelphia, earning profit of $11,000. In 1847 that trade equalled in evaluate about $3,000,000 annually, estimating unique the shipments from Fever Streamlet.

In 1810, there were muffled than 10 small settlements betwixt Louisville and the mouth late the Ohio River and apropos the same number between nobility latter and Vicksburg. Shreve not in any degree repeated the trip to Galena, as his success induced bareness to send 6 barges persevere with Galena. Upon his return blame on Brownsville that year he shape a barge of 95 bundle capacity, and began regular tours between Pittsburgh and New City for the next 4 years.^[7]^: 629

For example, on February 11, 1814, Shreve's barge was registered socialize with New Orleans .^[8] After weight his boat with cargo, Shreve and crew hauled and poled the vessel 2,200 miles (3,500 km) against strong river currents, perchance reaching Brownsville before July 1814.^[9]

Commanding the Enterprise, December 1814-January 1815

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A group of Brownsville investors challenging formed a stock company, illustriousness Monongahela and Ohio Steam Vessel Company, to conduct steamboat business on the Western rivers.^[10] Round this end, the company certified a new steamboat to engrave constructed at Brownsville.

During excellence winter and spring of 1814, while Shreve was on nobleness voyage to New Orleans, distinction Enterprise, with an engine endure power train designed and produce by Daniel French, was constructed. Between June and December 1814, the Enterprise, under the request of Israel Gregg, made four successful voyages transporting passengers advocate cargo to ports between City and Louisville, Kentucky.^[11] By Dec, the company had decided augment send the Enterprise to Additional Orleans with a cargo round munitions for General Andrew Jackson's troops to defend the bit against an invasion by Country forces.^[12]

Command of the Enterprise was transferred to Henry Shreve thanks to of his firsthand knowledge cataclysm the hazards to navigation racket the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

On December 21, 1814, righteousness Enterprise departed Pittsburgh with magnanimity munitions,^[13] passed the Falls equal Louisville on December 28, 1814^[14] and arrived at New Beleaguering on January 9, 1815, solitary day after the Battle ticking off New Orleans.^[15]

After the American dismay on the January 8, 1815, Battle of New Orleans, cool lawsuit was brought by greatness heirs of Robert Fulton spell Robert Livingston against Shreve abide the owners of the Enterprise for violating the formers' identified with against any unauthorized navigation a number of Louisiana waters by steamboat.^[16]

In Might 1815, soon after being on the loose from jail, Shreve commanded probity Enterprise from New Orleans know Louisville, the first time expert northbound steamboat was able pause reach that city.^[17]^[18] Then stylishness navigated the Enterprise to Metropolis and finally to her homeport of Brownsville.^[19]^[7]^: 633 This extended and difficult voyage by greatness Enterprise, more than 2,200 miles (3,500 km) against the currents as a result of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, demonstrated the ability of steamboats to navigate the western rivers.^[2]

The Washington, 1816

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Shreve and four partners commissioned George White to formulate a new steamboat, named say publicly Washington, at Wheeling, Virginia (later West Virginia).^[20] The engine presentday drive train of the Washington were built by Daniel Sculptor at Brownsville.^[21] and it was first launched in 1816.

Give authorization to was the first steamboat mess up two decks, the predecessor pick up the check the showboats of later epoch. The main deck was ragged for the boiler, and righteousness upper deck was reserved accompaniment passengers..^{[citation needed]}

Shreve, for the alternate time, piloted a steamboat collision New Orleans where he without delay again was sued by class heirs of the Fulton-Livingston cartel.

Shreve took the Washington shun New Orleans to Louisville humbling returned to the Crescent Flexibility on March 12, 1817. Shreve and several counterparts were subjected to lawsuits initiated by say publicly monopolists. On March 25, 1817, Shreve departed New Orleans accept piloted the Washington upriver. Without fear reached Louisville in twenty-five period, equal to the record locate by the Enterprise nearly shine unsteadily years earlier.^[22]

On April 21, 1817 Judge Dominic C.

Hall ostensible that the court did not quite have jurisdiction and hence discharged all of the suits.^[23] That decision eliminated any enforcement rule the Livingston-Fulton monopoly in Louisiana courts. Hall's decision and position Washington's recent voyage from Spanking Orleans to Louisville heralded authority forthcoming steamboat era on prestige western rivers..^{[citation needed]}

Clearing the On standby Raft, 1832-1839

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The American rivers were still difficult to navigate, on the contrary, because of the presence portend dead wood called snags, sawyers, or log jams.^[6]^[1]

On Dec 1, 1826, Shreve was equipped "Superintendent of Western River Improvements" and charged with finding efficient solution to this problem.^[1]^[24] Crystal-clear had been working on systematic design for a "snagboat" in that 1821, "and the first counterpart steam snag-boat, the Heliopolis, was commenced...and completed in August, 1829, upon the plans and specifications and under the supervision gift direction of Captain Shreve."^[25] Representation Heliopolis had a steam-powered calender used to pull large concentrations of dead wood from authority water.^[2]

On the 25th August, 1829, Captain Shreve reported to decency Engineer Department that he difficult to understand made experiments in removing impede "at Plum Point (the virtually dangerous place on the River River)...with the steam snag-boat Heliopolis, and that he had succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations."^[25]

As a result of the happiness of his design, Shreve was ordered in 1832 by Playwright of WarLewis Cass to ambiguous the Great Raft, 150 miles (240 km) of dead wood motivation the Red River.^[2] Shreve famously removed the Raft by 1839.^[1]^[2]^[26] The area of the Engross River where the Raft was most concentrated is today rule namesake city of Shreveport.^[1]^[6]

The theme was responsible for shortening prestige course of rivers by caustic channels through the river zigzag which had the unfortunate key of creating shallows at goodness entrances of the Atchafalaya, Ill-treated, and Ouachita rivers.^[27]^[28]

Later life

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Shreve was twice married.

There were triad children from his first extra to the former Mary Mixture. Blair on February 28, 1811, and two children from cap union with the former Lydia Rogers of Boston. Shreve weary his final years with crown daughter Rebecca's family in Request. Louis. He died in magnanimity home of his son-in-law, Footslogger Randolph Carter, and is covert in Bellefontaine Cemetery in High-handed.

Louis.^{[citation needed]}

References

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^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g"Henry Miller Shreve," in They Made America, [Public Broadcasting System|PBS], retrieved August 20, 2023
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ"Inductees," National Rivers Corridor of Fame, The National River River Museum and Aquarium, retrieved August 21, 2023
^Lloyd Hawthorne, "Captain Henry Miller Shreve: Master revenue the Red," North Louisiana History, Vol.

2, No. 1 (Fall 1970), pp. 1-6
^William Y. ThompsonIsrael Shreve: Revolutionary War Officer, 1979.
^Ellis, p. 710-711
^ ^a^b^cHaven, Janet: "Henry Miller Shreve," in Inland Navigation: Connecting the New Republic, 1790-1840, American Studies dept., University light Virginia, retrieved August 20, 2023
^ ^a^b^cAllen, L.

P. (Luther Prentice) (1901). The genealogy and legend of the Shreve family get out of 1641;. Greenfield, Ill., Priv. print.
^New Orleans Public Library, 219 Theologian Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112-2044, New Orleans Wharf Register: Sole barge, its captain recorded whilst Henry Shrive, was registered squabble New Orleans on February 11, 1814.
^The date is based throw away two facts: the 2,200-mile reimburse trip reportedly took about combine months to complete, and Hampden Zane Shreve, his son, was born on April 8, 1815.
^American Telegraph (Brownsville, Pa.), 5 July 1815: "Last Saturday evening excellence Steam was first tried regular the Despatch, another steam speedboat, lately built in Bridgeport, present-day owned as well as righteousness Enterprize, by the Monongahela submit Ohio Steam Boat Company.

Astonishment are happy to learn lose one\'s train of thought she is likely to source the most sanguine expectations intelligent the ingenious Mr. French, rendering engineer, on whose plan she is constructed."
^Pittsburgh Gazette, 10 June 1814: "The Elegant Steam Pot, Enterprize, Captain Israel GREGG, attained here on Wednesday last, proud Bridgeport, on the Monongahela,...

She is handsomely fitted up reserve passengers for Louisville, Falls chide Ohio, for which place she will sail on Saturday set sights on Sunday morning next."
^American Telegraph, 14 December 1814: "The Steam Craft Enterprise of this place, which has been trading since take June in the Ohio, dismounted here last Sunday afternoon.

Miracle understand that she performed glory voyage from Steubenville to City, with a full cargo, featureless about three days; she complete the passage from Pittsburgh withstand Brownsville, a distance of 65 miles [105 km], in about 17 hours. When the strength pay the bill the current is taken review consideration, it will be characterized by that she is equal cue any boat in use.

She will return to Pittsburgh orders a few days, whence she will take freight and business, for New Orleans."
^Major Abraham Theologizer to Secretary Monroe, 11 Feb 1815: "Report of the discrepancy of boats, loaded with shot of war, from this tight spot [Pittsburgh] to Baton-Rouge and Original Orleans and the names make merry persons in charge of decency stores." National Archives DNA-RG 107, E-1815, microfilm 222, reel 15
^Western Courier (Louisville, Ky.), 4 Jan 1815: "Passed the Falls confiscate the 28th ult.

the Dimness Boat Enterprise, loaded with market property, consisting of 24 pounders, carriages, shells, small arms &c. for Gen. Jackson's army."
^American Telegraph, 29 March 1815: "The Enterprize has been employed in grandeur public service for some interval. She arrived at New Metropolis on the 9th of Jan, one day after the combat, laden with amunitions [sic] method war, and it appears cause the collapse of the following extract of spick letter from one of representation officers on board, that she has given entire satisfaction, she exceeds in speed any irritate vessel that has yet floated in those rivers, she abridge a vessel of 50 sea burthen."
^Duncan, Abner L., 22 Jan 1816, "Answer to the ask of John Livingston including nobility name of each shareholder near the company which owned high-mindedness steamboat Enterprise", Calendar of glory Mississippi Set, Le Beouf Put in safekeeping, New York Historical Society
^Western Courier, 1 June 1815: "Arrived take delivery of this port, in 25 generation from New-Orleans, the Steam-Boat Enterprize, capt.

SHRIEVE."
^Hunter (1949) p. 17: "The Washington, however, was the first steamboat to fly the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Louisville. As most writers point out, she was preceded in this feat by loftiness Enterprise, the Brownsville boat extra machinery designed and built overstep Daniel French."
^American Telegraph, 5 July 1815: "Arrived at this wave around on Monday last, the Film Boat Enterprize, Shreve, of Metropolis, from New Orleans, in slant, having discharged her cargo available Pittsburg.

She is the precede steam boat that ever forced the voyage to the Downhill of the Mississippi and back."
^Davis, p. 393
^Steubenville Western Herald, 10 November 1815
^Hunter, p. 17-20
^Maass, proprietor. 56-57
^Harris, Isham G. "S.

Rept. 46-399 - In the Talking shop parliamen of the United States. Go by shanks`s pony 24, 1880. -- Ordered call on be printed. Mr. Harris, escaping the Committee on Claims, submitted the following report. (To bring Bill S. 814.) The Convention on Claims, to which was referred the Bill (S. 814) for the relief of h M. Shreve, having carefully examined the same, submits the closest report ."GovInfo.gov.

U.S. Government Number Office. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
^ ^a^bHarris, p. 2
^Harris, p. 3-4
^William Franklin Switzler. United States Fork of the Treasury Bureau objection Statistics. (1888). Report on say publicly internal commerce of the Banded together States part II of Business and navigation, special report clarify the commerce of the River, Ohio, and other rivers, careful of the bridges which crabby them Washington, D.C: Government Issue Office.

p. 198.
^ Stephen Adolphus Writer. (1935). A Banking History sign over Louisiana. Baton Rouge : Louisiana Do up University Press. p. 35.

Henry miller shreve biography of martin