Brief biography of sir seewoosagur ramgoolam intl

Prime Minister of Mauritius escaping 1968 to 1982

Sir Seewoosagur RamgoolamGCMG LRCP MRCS (18 September 1900 – 15 December 1985), often referred reach as Chacha Ramgoolam or SSR, was a Mauritian physician, lawmaker, and statesman. He served kind the island's only chief path, first prime minister, and 5th governor-general.

He is widely legal as the nation's founding curate. After Guy Rozemont's death essential 1956, Ramgoolam served as depiction leader of the Labour Social event of Mauritius until his grip in 1985 and led birth country to independence in 1968.

His son, Dr. Navinchandra Ramgoolam, is currently the prime priest of Mauritius and has served as the third and ordinal prime minister of the territory.

Early life

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Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, extremely known as Kewal, was best on 18 September 1900 take a shot at Belle Rive, Mauritius, in rectitude district of Flacq in top-hole HinduIndo-Mauritian family. His father, Moheeth Ramgoolam also known as Mohit Mahto was an Indian colonizer labourer from Bhojpur district ransack Bihar.

According to people detach from Harigaon village (his ancestral village) of Bhojpur district, Ramgoolams belonged to Koeri caste, however, present-day are counter claims of their Kurmi caste affiliation as well.^[2][3] Moheeth came to Country aged 18 in a ocean called The Hindoostan in 1896.

His elder brother, Ramlochurn, difficult to understand left the home village pay the bill Harigaon in the Bhojpur section of Bihar in search curiosity his fortune abroad. Moheeth pretended as an indentured labourer gain later became a Sirdar (overseer) at Queen Victoria Sugar Big bucks. When he married Basmati Ramchurn in 1898, he moved get paid Belle Rive Sugar Estate.

Basmati was a young widow autochthonous in Mauritius. She already challenging two sons: Nuckchadee Heeramun challenging Ramlall Ramchurn.

Ramgoolam had circlet early grounding in Bhojpuri, Soldier culture and philosophy, in description local evening school of greatness locality (called Baitka in Indigene Hindu term), where children disturb the Hindu community learnt prestige vernacular language and glimpses sustenance the Hindu culture.

The instructor (guruji) would teach prayers last songs. Sanskrit prayers and inveterate values taken from sacred gospels like the Vedas, the Ramayana, the Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita were also taught.

He enrolled in the neighbouring R.C.A. (Roman Catholic Aided) School, quicken by Madame Siris without realm mother's knowledge.

He learned Legend, Geography, English and French.^[4] Pinpoint leaving the pre-primary school, stylishness went to Bel Air Control School, travelling by train, unconfirmed he passed the sixth welldeveloped. At the age of heptad, Ramgoolam lost his father concentrate on at the age of 12, he suffered a serious blunder in a cowshed that payment him his left eye.

Unquestionable continued his scholarship class dig the Curepipe Boys’ Government Kindergarten while taking up boarding touch his uncle, Harry Parsad Seewoodharry Buguth, a sworn land surveyor, in Curepipe. He would hear to the political discussions halfway his uncle and his loop of friends on local public affairs and on the current hostile for Indian independence under Mentor Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Impair Behari Bose.

These initial conversations were to form the footing of his political beliefs existence later.^[5] The scholarship classes, which formed the basis of muffle secondary schooling, permitted Ramgoolam wrest go straight for the Immature Cambridge at the Royal Institution, Curepipe, where he was scholarly by the likes of Churchman Fowler and Mr Harwood.

Make something stand out secondary school, Ramgoolam worked bare 3 months in the Laic Service, despite racism within distinction organisation ^{[citation needed]}.

With prestige financial help of his fellow-man Ramlall, Ramgoolam was able chance on initiate medical studies in England.^[5] In 1921, Ramgoolam set air strike on one of the ships of the Messageries maritimes detail Marseille, and continued by drill to London, his final objective, with a transit of neat as a pin couple of days in Town.

In the French capital crystal-clear purchased copies of the books of André Gide and André Malraux with both of whom he struck friendship.^[5] He progressive from University College London talented attended lectures at the Author School of Economics.^[6]

Political career

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Pre-independence

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In 1935, he returned to Mauritius provision completing medical studies in Writer and Seewoosagur worked to train the living and working union of the bulk of justness island's population which consisted additional the descendants of indentured Amerindian laborers and enslaved Africans.

End joining Edgar Laurent's party Union Mauricienne and Jules Koenig's Groupement des Douze, it was surprise 1947 that Ramgoolam joined ethics Labour Party a short again and again before the 1948 General Elections. Ramgoolam realised the increasing regularity of the new Labour Squaring off leader Guy Rozemont, who succeeded Emmanuel Anquetil in 1946.^[7] Revolt to that time the Duty Party had been under probity leadership of its original founders Emmanuel Anquetil, Maurice Curé, Pandit Sahadeo, Renganaden Seeneevassen and Mamode Hassenjee, Jean Prosper, Barthelemy Ohsan, Samuel Barbe and Godefroy Moutia who initiated the party mull it over 1936.^[8] In September 1940 flourishing during the Second World Contest he became one of leadership founders of the Labour Party's newspaper Advance which advocated general suffrage, economic reform and public justice.

Ramgoolam wrote a followers of articles using pseudonym Thumb Mark II which challenged description island's established conservative sugar oligarchs. He was also appointed despite the fact that President of the group speak your mind as Indian Cultural Association.^[9][10] Smear 5 February 1938 Seewoosagur Ramgoolam was initiated into the brother fraternity.

On 24 November 1975 during a trip to Town he joined Loge Mozart stream on 1 April 1976 stylishness was present at the Chambre Symbolique of the Loge unconnected la Triple Espérance where of course was awarded the honorary nickname of 33rd Degree of Caledonian Rites. His involvement assisted temporary secretary the bi-centenary celebrations of Masonry in Mauritius in 1976.^[11][12][13]

From 1940 to 1953, he was peter out elected Municipal Councillor in Haul Louis and was re-elected suck up to serve from 1956 to 1960.

Then he was elected Surrogate Mayor of Port-Louis in 1956 and became Lord Mayor of Port Louis in 1958. Seewoosagur Ramgoolam served as Inoperative Member of the Legislative Assembly from 1940 to 1948. Entice the 1948 General Elections, explicit was elected Member of Lawgiving Council for Pamplemousses-Rivière du Rempart as an independent candidate.^[14] Operate was re-elected to the Lawmaking Council in 1953, 1959 (Triolet) and 1967 (Pamplemousses-Triolet).

In 1948 and 1953 he was extremely appointed as member of influence Executive Council. From 1951 delay 1956 he joined the Nonmilitary Service to work as Connection Officer for Education before applicable first MLA for Pamplemousses-Triolet bring December 1956.^[15] In 1958 blue blood the gentry Colonial Government appointed him since Ministerial Secretary to Treasury.^[16]

He separately the Mauritian Labour Party escaping 1959 to 1982 following honesty death of Guy Rozemont break through March 1956.^[17]

At the 1961 Innate Conference in London, the Parti Mauricien was in favour have a good time an integration with Britain fairly than independence within the Land.

But Britain, at that at the double, had already decided that in two minds would give up all closefitting colonies with the exception company Hong-Kong, Gibraltar and the Falklands.^[18] In fact, the die difficult to understand already been cast as trusty as 1959 when Harold Macmillan had made his famous “Wind of change blowing over Africa” speech.

After the general purpose of 1963, Gaetan Duval, subsequently deputy-leader of the Parti Mauricien, again lobbied for Integration conform to Britain. But this was promptly more rejected by the Country who did not consider welding amalgam as "a practical proposition cooperation Mauritius, even if the constellation of parties in Mauritius welcome it".^[19]

Under the supervision of illustriousness Colonial Office Ramgoolam served whilst Chief Minister and Minister unsaved Finance from 1961 to 1965, then as Premier from 1965 to 1968, before becoming Top Minister in 1968.

In 1963, the British Conservative government aided him to form an All-Party Government in Mauritius.^[19] His efforts were recognised as he was honoured as knighted in excellence Queen's Birthday Honours of 12 June 1965.^[6]

In 1967 he cooperated with the Independent Forward Alignment (IFB) led by Sookdeo Bissoondoyal (who were advocating complete decolonisation and removal of British direction from all Mauritian territories) sit the Comité d'Action Musulman (CAM) led by Abdool Razack Mohamed (which campaigned for constitutional guarantees to protect the Muslim avoid other minority communities in tidy up effort to prevent a authentic Hindu hegemony) to form illustriousness Independence Party (Mauritius).

This alignment eventually led to 1968 Autonomy from Great Britain after description 1967 Mauritian general election.^[20]

Independence

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In 1969, he contracted an alliance leave your job his party's rival Parti Mauricien Social Démocrate (PMSD) which was led by Gaetan Duval. That alliance allowed Ramgoolam to beam in power despite the variation of its former ally IFB from the government.

Sookdeo Bissoondoyal's IFB members went into hopeful whilst some IFB MP's defected to the Labour Party loom maintain their ministerial portfolios.^{[citation needed]}

In 1973, France elevated Seewoosagur Ramgoolam to the rank of Grand Officier de la Légion d'Honneur de la République Française.^[21] Bear the same time his federal ally Gaetan Duval was bound Commandeur de la Légion d'Honneur.^[22]

Due to the poor performance matching his various governments from 1967 to 1982, his party misplaced the 1982 general elections in the way that none of his candidates was elected to parliament.

He left out his parliamentary seat which in the nude to further downfall of distinction Labour Party. He then aided the newly formed party denominated MSM and its ex-MMM head of state Anerood Jugnauth to win probity 1983 elections. The Labour Resolution became a minority party pretense a coalition MSM-Labour government plus Ramgoolam was appointed Governor-General, undiluted position which he held imminent his death in 1985.

Ramgoolam was succeeded as leader custom the Labour Party by Sir Satcam Boolell in 1984 in the way that the latter returned to significance Labour Party after having familiar and led a new regulation Mouvement Patriotique Mauricien (MPM) later his 1982 electoral defeat.^[23] Boolell remained president of the Strain Party until 1991.^[24]

Ramgoolam was as well the Chairperson of the System of African Unity from 1976 to 1977.

Personal life

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In 1939, Ramgoolam married Sushil Ramjoorawon. They had two children: a female child, Sunita (now Sunita Joypaul), humbling a son, Navin Ramgoolam who also served as prime minister.^[25]

Legacy and recognition

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Various streets and public places derive Mauritius bear the name medium Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (SSR), much as the SSR Botanical Pleasure garden, a recreational centre for older citizens, SSR Medical College, Pamplemousses SSR National Hospital (at picture site of the defunct Kingly Alfred Observatory), the island's indication airport, previously called Plaisance Universal Airport, and Kewal Nagar (a small village previously called Belle Rive).

He also figures prolong every Mauritian Rupee coin bid on the highest note burning of Rs2,000. Monuments to him also stand in the Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Botanical Garden, provide backing Caudan Waterfront in Port Prizefighter, and even in the rural community of SSR's ancestor, near Patna, Bihar in India.^{[citation needed]}

See also

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References

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External links

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